Being able to work while traveling is key when it comes to creating a sustainable long-term digital nomad lifestyle, but many visas restrict or prohibit visitors from obtaining a job or even earning money by freelancing or in other less structured ways while visiting certain countries. 

Spain has recognized the demand for digital nomad-friendly visa options, and as a result, they have pioneered a new visa choice that is tailored to the unique needs of remote workers. In this guide, we'll explore Spain's top visa choices for digital nomads and provide essential information to help you make an informed decision.

1. Digital Nomad Visa (DNV)

Spain's Digital Nomad Visa is the primary choice for remote workers looking to spend extended periods in the country. It addresses the limitations of the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV) and offers several advantages:

Working in Spain

• NLV: The NLV prohibits visitors from seeking any type of employment in Spain, and digital nomads are technically not even supposed to continue working their regular remote jobs that are fully managed in their home countries while in the country.
• DNV: With the DNV, visitors can continue their typical means of earning money. They are allowed to find short-term or long-term in-person jobs in Spain to help fund their travel. This flexibility is a game-changer for digital nomads.

Financial Requirements

• NLV: To qualify for the NLV, applicants need to demonstrate income or savings equal to 400 times the IPREM, which amounts to €2,400 per month in 2023.
• DNV: The DNV requires 200% of the Minimum Interprofessional Salary (SMI), which is €2,520 per month in 2023. This means the financial requirements are slightly higher but still reasonable for many digital nomads.

Taxation in Spain

Both the NLV and the DNV offer Spanish residency, which comes with taxation responsibilities for applicants who spend over 183 days in Spain.

• For NLV holders, this entails paying taxes on their worldwide income, including passive earnings.
• DNV holders, on the other hand, are obligated to report income from foreign employers or clients, alongside digital nomad income, if applicable. Staying compliant with tax regulations is essential for those pursuing the benefits of these visas.

Spanish Citizenship

Both the NLV and the DNV offer a pathway to Spanish citizenship, marking the beginning of a journey towards becoming a Spanish national. These visas initially grant one-year residency, with the option of renewal. 

The DNV, in particular, stands out as it can be renewed for up to five years, opening the door to the pursuit of permanent residency after this period.

Changing Visa Types

A noteworthy benefit of the NLV is that, after a year of residency in Spain, applicants have the opportunity to choose an alternative visa that opens doors to employment opportunities. This includes the ability to secure a work permit or self-employment status through a streamlined process known as “residence modification.”

Access to Schengen Zone

Obtaining a DNV in Spain also gives travelers easy access to much of the rest of Europe, as they will not be required to apply for other visas that they might otherwise need to visit other countries within the Schengen Zone. 

This visa can be renewed annually for up to five years, which means that it can also be a strong option for visitors who are considering moving to Spain from the beginning or decide to pursue citizenship after falling in love with the country during an extended stay.

2. Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)

While the NLV is not tailored for digital nomads, it's worth mentioning as it can serve as a starting point for those looking to transition to a DNV.

Changing Visa Types

After a year of residency in Spain with an NLV, applicants have the opportunity to choose an alternative visa that opens doors to employment opportunities. This includes the ability to secure a work permit or self-employment status through a streamlined process known as “residence modification.”

Spain: A Digital Nomad Haven

Spain is skyrocketing in popularity among digital nomads, with many cities reporting an influx of remote workers. In most of the 2023 rankings, Spain emerged as the number one destination for digital nomads in Europe, primarily due to its visa options, tax benefits, affordability, and perfect weather.

If you're a digital nomad seeking a European destination with an innovative and flexible visa system, Spain should be at the top of your list. Whether you choose the Digital Nomad Visa or explore the Non-Lucrative Visa as a stepping stone, Spain offers a welcoming environment for remote work and the opportunity to immerse yourself in its rich culture and landscapes while enjoying the benefits of residency and potential citizenship.

FAQ

Q1: What is the Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) in Spain?

A1: The Digital Nomad Visa is a specialized visa option in Spain designed for remote workers and digital nomads. It allows individuals to live and work in Spain while maintaining their remote jobs and freelancing, with more flexibility compared to other visa types.

Q2: How does the DNV differ from the Non-Lucrative Visa (NLV)? 

A2: The DNV allows you to work and earn money in Spain, while the NLV prohibits any type of employment. The DNV has slightly higher financial requirements and offers the possibility of up to five years of residency and a more streamlined path to Spanish citizenship.

Q3: What are the financial requirements for the DNV and NLV?

A3: In 2023, the DNV requires 200% of the Minimum Interprofessional Salary (SMI), which is €2,520 per month. For the NLV, applicants need to demonstrate income or savings equal to 400 times the IPREM, which is €2,400 per month in 2023.

Q4: What are the tax implications of these visas? 

A4: Both the DNV and NLV grant Spanish residency, which comes with taxation responsibilities. NLV holders must pay taxes on their worldwide income, while DNV holders are required to report income from foreign employers or clients, in addition to their digital nomad income, if applicable.

Q5: Can I change my visa type after obtaining an NLV or DNV? 

A5: Yes, after a year of residency in Spain with either an NLV or DNV, you can explore alternative visa options that allow for employment opportunities, including securing a work permit or self-employment status through a process known as "residence modification."

Q6: Is there a path to Spanish citizenship with these visas?

A6: Yes, both the NLV and DNV offer a pathway to Spanish citizenship. Initially, they grant one-year residency with the option of renewal. The DNV, in particular, can be renewed for up to five years, potentially leading to permanent residency and Spanish citizenship.

Q7: Can I travel to other European countries with the DNV? 

A7: Yes, holding a DNV in Spain grants you access to the Schengen Zone, which means you won't need additional visas to visit other Schengen countries. This flexibility is particularly appealing to digital nomads who want to explore Europe.

Q8: Why is Spain a popular destination for digital nomads? 

A8: Spain has gained popularity among digital nomads due to its flexible visa options, favorable tax benefits, affordability, and pleasant weather. It offers a rich cultural experience, beautiful landscapes, and a welcoming environment for remote work.

Q9: How can I apply for the Digital Nomad Visa (DNV) in Spain? 

A9: To apply for the DNV, you need to meet the eligibility criteria and submit the required documents to the Spanish consulate or embassy in your home country. It's advisable to check the specific requirements and process, as they may vary.

Q10: Can I apply for the Digital Nomad Visa if I'm self-employed or run my own business? 

A10: Yes, the DNV is suitable for self-employed individuals and freelancers. It allows you to continue your remote work and freelancing activities while living in Spain.